VOLTAJE

Sunlight is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, that is, a type of electromagnetic wave that travels through space in all directions and reaches the earth in an approximate time of eight minutes."

The sun is the main star of the system, it is estimated that the Sun radiates an energy of 4x1026 Joule (a power of 4x1023 Watts), more than the total power of all power plants of all kinds currently on earth.

The use of this energy is manipulated by the intensity of radiation, The radiation that reaches the earth's surface has on average a power intensity of 900 [W / m2]. (Tous, 2010)

There are two ways to capture solar energy to generate electrical energy: photovoltaic solar panels by means of a physical phenomenon.

OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE (VOC)

Photovoltaic is the open circuit voltage VOC, this parameter is the maximum available voltage of a solar cell which is measured with a voltmeter at zero current, at open circuit conditions. The open circuit voltage corresponds to the amount of direct polarization on the solar cell required to polarize the junction of solar cells with the current produced by light.

 NOMINAL POWER

 It is the rated capacity of photovoltaic (PV) devices, such as solar cells, panels and systems, and is determined by measuring the electric current and voltage in a circuit, while varying the resistance under precisely defined conditions. These standard test conditions (STC) are specified in standards such as IEC 61215, IEC 61646 and UL 1703; specifically the intensity of light is 1000 W / m2, with a spectrum similar to that of sunlight hitting the surface of the earth at 35 ° N latitude in the summer (air mass 1.5), the temperature of the cells is 25 ° C.

Maximum power 

is not the same as power under real radiation conditions. In practice, this will be about 15-20% lower due to the considerable heating of solar cells.

 

OUTPUT POWER IN REAL CONDITIONS

The power output of the photovoltaic system depends on the intensity of solar radiation and other circumstances. More solar radiation means higher performance of the photovoltaic module. Losses may be due to the non-directional orientation of the module (tilt and/or orientation) due to high temperature, poor module performance, dirt and DC-to-AC conversion.