ECUATIONS

 MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS APPLIED IN CHEMISTRY?

Solar radiation is generated by a series of nuclear fusion reactions that occur on the Sun and that, as a consequence, emit electromagnetic radiation that reaches the earth. This radiation received by the Earth's surface is measured in W/m2 (watts per unit area) and is also called "irradiance".

The energy received depends on the orientation and inclination of the photovoltaic modules. A horizontal surface receives the most energy in summer, when the position of the sun is high and the days are longer, while a vertical surface exposed to the south receives more input in winter than in summer, about 1.5 times more than a horizontal one. You should always look for an inclination similar to that of the latitude of the place (30-35º for example) and the most oriented to the South.

Horizontal surfaces do not receive any reflected radiation, because they do not see any land surface and vertical surfaces are the ones that receive the most reflected radiation.

In the sizing calculations of photovoltaic solar systems, it is appropriate to consider the amount of solar radiation reflected by the surfaces adjacent to the photovoltaic modules (albedo). The use of solar radiation as a source of clean and renewable energy is one of the pillars of the energy transition that today's society is experiencing. Solutions such as self-consumption and solar farms for clean electricity generation are changing the electricity landscape around the planet.

PROCEEDS

Preservation of the environment. It is an inexhaustible, clean and non-polluting energy.

Cheapening of electricity consumption. Today, the use of solar panels to generate electricity is the cheapest energy source that exists in the face of fossil, nuclear, and even wind. No matter the location, solar energy is always available anywhere on the planet. An inclined surface receives direct radiation (GBt), diffuse radiation (GDt) and Earth-reflected radiation (GGt); it is then that:

Gt=GBT + GDT + GGT

Where Gt is the total radiation over an inclined surface [W/m2]

The radiation on an inclined surface is:

GBT= GBN cos 0

Radiation on a horizontal surface is:

GB= GBN cos Ø

RB is the ratio factor between GBt and GB resulting in: 

 GBT Body 0   

RB= GB = cos Ø

Thus the radiation on an inclined surface is:

GBT= GBRB

Radiation to a particular location can be given in several ways, including:

• Typical average year data for a given location

• Average daily, monthly or annual insolation for a given location

• Hours of sunshine in data

• Cloud-based solar insolation-satellite data cover.